Lead-based paint Landlord/agent ID Bedbugs Pest control Demolition Flooding Mold Methamphetamine contamination Shared utilities Smoking policy Just Cause and Rent Limit Ordinance locations Deaths on the property Pest control Sex offenders
Rent and Fees
Application Fee Limit: $30, adjusted for inflation Rent Control: Yes Late Fee Limit: Reasonable Grace Period Minimum: None
Security Deposits
Amount Limit: 2- or 3-months’ rent Interest: N/A Return Within: 21 days
Fair Housing Protections
Race Color National origin Religion Sex Familial status Disability Sexual orientation Gender identity/expression Ancestry Marital status Veteran/military status Source of income Genetic information Pregnancy Age Primary language Citizenship/immigration status
Entry
Notice: 24 hours Permitted Times of Entry: N/A
Eviction Notices
Rent Demand Notice: 3-day pay-or-quit notice Notice for Lease Violation: 3-day cure-or-quit notice Unconditional Notice to Quit: 3-day quit notice
Other Laws
Pet deposits and nonrefundable fees are not permitted
Landlords in all 50 states must include information about lead-based paint hazards in the rental agreements for most properties built before 1978. Sellers and landlords must distribute an EPA-approved information pamphlet called “Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home” and disclose any known lead hazards in the property. These obligations were established by Section 1018 of the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992.
Landlords must disclose the name, phone number, and street address of all people who are authorized to manage the premises on behalf of the owner, including those who perform services and collect rent.
Landlords must give prospective tenants information about bed bugs, their behavior and biology, and the importance of tenant cooperation for preventing infestations. The disclosure must also urge tenants to submit written reports of suspected infestations as quickly as possible.
Landlords who have previously hired a pest control service must provide tenants with a copy of a notice from the company. The notice must describe the pest to be controlled, the pesticide(s) used and their active ingredients, the frequency of the treatment, and a disclosure about the adverse effects of toxic chemicals in pesticides.
In leases signed after July 1, 2018, landlords must disclose that a property is in a flood hazard area or an area of potential flooding. The latter may be established by a receipt from a public agency, the landlord’s obtainment of flood insurance, or the landlord’s mortgage holder’s requirement to hold flood insurance. Landlords must also provide certain emergency resources and advise tenants to purchase renter’s insurance, as landlord insurance will not cover tenants’ lost property.
If the landlord is aware of mold growth that exceeds exposure limits or otherwise poses a health threat according to the department’s guidelines, they must provide tenants with a written disclosure describing it. The disclosure must be provided prior to signing the lease and to current tenants “as soon as is reasonably practical.”
If a property has been contaminated by methamphetamine laboratory activities, the landlord must provide a written notice of a remediation order to prospective tenants. The notice should be attached to the rental agreement and acknowledged by the tenant before signing a lease.
Landlords are obligated to disclose whether gas, electric, or other utilities are shared between units. Landlords must also describe how costs will be fairly allocated if shared between tenants.
Landlords of most types of housing must include information about the Tenant Protection Act (AB 1482) in every rental agreement. According to this law, landlords must have “just cause” to evict a tenant. The law also caps annual rent increases at 5% plus the local CPI (inflation rate) or 10% – whichever is lower.
Landlords are required to disclose any deaths that have occurred on the property within the past three years. Landlords are not obligated to disclose that a past occupant died from HIV or AIDS.
Landlords must provide information (a pre-written clause) about the national sex offender registry made available by the Department of Justice.
Rent and Fees
Rent Due Date: Rent is due at the end of the month, unless the lease says otherwise (Cal. Civ. Code § 1947).
Electronic Payments: California landlords must allow tenants to pay rent and security deposits by at least one method that is neither cash nor electronic funds transfer. There is one exception: if a tenant’s check has bounced in the past, the landlord may require the tenant to pay in cash as the exclusive form allowed for up to three months (Cal. Civ. Code § 1947.3).
Application Fees: Nonrefundable application fees less than $30 (adjusted annually for inflation) are permitted (Cal. Civ. Code § 1950.6). The current maximum since March 2022 is $52.46 per applicant.
Rent Control: California recently instated state-wide rent control. In any given 12-month period, landlords must not increase the rent more than the lesser of the following: 5% plus the percentage change in the cost of living (as per the Consumer Price Index), or 10% of the lowest rent charged during the past year (California Tenant Protection Act). If the lease is from week-to-week or month-to-month, the landlord must give 30 days’ notice to increase rent by more than 10% and 60 days’ notice for increases greater than 10% (Cal. Civ. Code § 827(b)(2-3)).
Late Fees: Late fees are a subject of confusion in California, even among lawyers. Most agree that late fees are only permitted if the landlord includes them in the lease agreement. They must also be “reasonable” (typically 5-10%), representative of the actual damages suffered by the landlord, and compliant with local rent control laws (Cal. Civ. Code § 1671).
Grace Period: There is no required grace period in California.
NSF/Bounced Check Fee Maximum: Landlords can charge up to $25 for the first bounced check and $35 for each additional one (Cal. Civ. Code § 1719).
Withholding Rent: Tenants may withhold rent if a landlord doesn’t maintain standards of habitability (Green vs. Superior Court, 1974).
Repair and Deduct Remedy: Tenants can make repairs and deduct the cost from rent when a landlord does not. However, the cost of the repair must be less than one month’s rent, and the tenant cannot use this remedy more than twice in the past 12 months (Cal. Civ. Code § 1942).
Security Deposits
Deposit Limit: 2 months’ rent for unfurnished units; 3 months’ for furnished units. This includes all cleaning and pet fees (Cal. Civ. Code § 1950.5, 1940.5g).
Interest: There is no state statute requiring landlords to pay interest on security deposits. However, 15 localities have rent control laws requiring interest payments.
Deposit Location: California landlords are not required to keep security deposits in a separate bank account.
Withholding: Landlords can withhold amounts from the security deposit that are necessary, reasonable, and not part of ordinary wear and tear. Landlords must also provide an itemized list of damages and charges (Cal. Civ. Code § 1950.6).
California landlords are subject to the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) (15 USC § 1681), which outlines the responsibilities of landlords to protect tenant credit information. According to the Act, landlords may not share tenant credit information with anyone without a legal reason to view it. Landlords must also investigate disputed information, dispose of credit reports after use in tenant screening, and notify applicants when their credit score or history was the reason for their denial.
Criminal Histories
Criminal history is not currently a protected class under California state law.It is generally legal for housing providers to run criminal background checks; however, some counties and cities in California prohibit landlords from seeking or asking about applicants’ criminal histories.
Criminal checks must be run in a consistent, equal manner and must not have a discriminatory effect, regardless of whether that effect was intentional. Likewise, landlords can only reject applicants for convictions that are “directly related” to their ability to pay rent or be a reliable tenant (Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 2, § 12264-12271)
California landlords should also follow HUD recommendations for using criminal background checks fairly. This includes avoiding blanket policies for denying applicants with criminal convictions, assessing applicants and their criminal histories on a case-by-case basis, and only denying an applicant when they demonstrate a risk to the safety of other residents or the property.
If passed by the state’s senate, California Assembly Bill 2383 (2022) would make it discriminatory to inquire about criminal history or require an applicant to disclose their criminal record during the initial rental application phase.
Permitted Times: California law does not designate any time-of-day restrictions for entering.
Emergency Entry: In case of emergency, entry is permitted without prior notice (Cal. Civ. Code § 1954b).
Eviction Notices
Evictions are complex legal processes often poorly understood by both parties. Before pursuing eviction in California, consider hiring an experienced real estate attorney and be sure to review the California eviction process in more detail.
Rent Demand Notice: 3 days to pay or quit. When rent is late, landlords must give tenants a 3-day notice to either pay or move out (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays). If the tenant does not pay rent within the three days, the landlord may file an eviction lawsuit in accordance with eviction law in California (Cal. CCP § 1161(2)).
Notice for Lease Violation: 3 days to cure or quit. This notice applies when the tenant violates a lease term or otherwise fails to perform the conditions or covenants of the lease. If the tenant fails to comply within three days (excluding weekends and holidays), they must quit the unit. If the breach is not remediable, notice may not be required (Cal. CCP § 1161(3)).
Unconditional Notice to Quit: 3 days to quit. This notice applies when the tenant commits severe property damage or uses the premises for an unlawful purpose (e.g., selling/using illegal drugs) (Cal. CCP § 1161(4)).
Other Laws and Facts About California
Pet fees and other nonrefundable fees are not permitted in California (Cal. Civ. Code § 1950.5m).
The average rent price in California in 2022 is one of the highest in the nation, at $2,032 per month.
The median rent rate in Los Angeles is $3,183 per month.
